What is Segurança Social in Portugal? A guide to Portugal's Social Security system

If you’re moving to Portugal or planning to work there, you’ll quickly come across the term Segurança Social. But what exactly is it, and how does it affect you? This guide explains everything you need to know about Portugal’s social security system in 2026.

What is Segurança Social?

Segurança Social is Portugal’s national social security system. It is a government-managed network designed to provide financial support and social protection to residents in cases such as illness, unemployment, old age, disability, and maternity or paternity leave.

The system is similar to social security in other European countries, but with its own rules and contributions. Both employees and employers contribute to Segurança Social, and self-employed workers also have specific obligations.

Who needs to register for Segurança Social?

Almost everyone working or living in Portugal must register for Segurança Social. This includes:

• Employees: Your employer usually registers you and deducts contributions directly from your salary.
• Self-employed workers (trabalhadores independentes): You must register yourself and make monthly contributions.
• Employers: Companies operating in Portugal are required to contribute for their employees.
• Foreign residents: If you plan to work in Portugal, even temporarily, you may need to register.

Failing to register or make contributions can lead to fines and legal issues, so it’s essential to understand your responsibilities.

What does Segurança Social cover?

Segurança Social provides various types of support, including:

1. Pensions – Retirement benefits based on your contributions over the years.
2. Unemployment benefits – Financial aid if you lose your job.
3. Sickness benefits – Compensation during periods of illness or injury.
4. Maternity and paternity leave – Payments for parents taking leave from work.
5. Disability benefits – Support if you are unable to work due to disability.
6. Social welfare programmes – Financial aid for low-income residents and vulnerable groups.

How much do you pay into Segurança Social?

Contributions depend on your employment type:

• Employees: Typically, 11% of your gross salary is deducted, while your employer contributes around 23.75%.
• Self-employed workers: Contributions range from 21.4% to 25.2% of your declared income, depending on your activity and income level.

These payments are essential to maintain access to social benefits.

How to register for Segurança Social

Foreign residents can register for Segurança Social by following these steps:

1. Obtain a NIF (Número de Identificação Fiscal) – Portugal’s tax identification number.
2. Visit a local Segurança Social office or register online through the Segurança Social Directa website.
3. Provide personal identification, proof of residence, and employment details.
4. Receive your Segurança Social number, which you’ll use for all contributions and benefits.

Important tips for foreigners

• Keep records: Always keep payslips and contribution receipts. They may be needed for benefits or pension claims.
• Understand your rights: Even temporary workers may be eligible for certain benefits.
• Plan for retirement: Contributions to Segurança Social affect your future pension.

Understanding Segurança Social is essential for anyone living or working in Portugal. From healthcare support to pensions and unemployment benefits, it ensures you have a safety net while residing in the country. Whether you’re an employee, self-employed, or planning a long-term stay, registering and contributing to Segurança Social is a key step in settling into Portuguese life.